FIT Practical 11 to 30

Practical Programs 11 to 30: 

11. Create a table listing different types of Intellectual Property (IP).

Type

Description

Real-World Example

Patent

Legal protection for inventions

Microsoft’s Windows OS technology

Copyright

Rights over creative works

Movies, Books, Software

Trademark

Brand name or logo identity

Nike “Swoosh” logo

Trade Secret

Confidential business information

Coca-Cola formula

 

12. Short note: How digital businesses protect their intellectual property

Digital businesses protect their intellectual property through:

·       Software Licensing: Restricts unauthorized use or distribution.

·       Watermarking: Protects digital images or videos from theft.

·       Copyright Notices: Indicate ownership and prevent misuse.

·       Encryption: Secures data and content shared online.

13. Create a database-like table in Excel.

Emp_ID

Name

Dept

DOJ

Salary

101

Arjun

HR

01-01-24

50000

102

Meena

Finance

15-02-24

60000

103

Kiran

Sales

12-03-24

45000

104

Neha

IT

25-04-24

70000

Process Steps:

1. Open Microsoft Excel on your computer.

2. In cell A1, type "Emp_ID" as the first column header.

3. In cells B1, C1, D1, and E1, type "Name", "Dept", "DOJ", and "Salary" respectively.

4. Enter the employee data in rows 2-5:

   - Row 2: 101, Arjun, HR, 01-01-24, 50000

   - Row 3: 102, Meena, Finance, 15-02-24, 60000

   - Row 4: 103, Kiran, Sales, 12-03-24, 45000

   - Row 5: 104, Neha, IT, 25-04-24, 70000

5. Select the entire data range (A1:E5).

6. Go to the "Insert" tab and click "Table" (or press Ctrl+T).

7. Ensure "My table has headers" is checked and click OK.

8. Your database-like table is now created with filtering and formatting options.

 

14. Apply sorting (Salary high→low) for the above dataset.

Process Steps:

1. Select any cell in the data table.

2. Go to the "Data" tab in the Excel ribbon.

3. Click on "Sort" button.

4. In the Sort dialog box, select "Salary" from the "Sort by" dropdown.

5. Choose "Largest to Smallest" order.

6. Click OK.

 

Result: The data will be rearranged with highest salary (70000 - Neha) at the top and lowest salary (45000 - Kiran) at the bottom.

 

15. Apply filtering (Dept = Sales) for the above dataset.

Process Steps:

1. Select any cell in the data table.

2. Go to the "Data" tab and click "Filter" (or press Ctrl+Shift+L).

3. Drop-down arrows will appear in the header row.

4. Click the drop-down arrow in the "Dept" column.

5. Uncheck "Select All".

6. Check only "Sales".

7. Click OK.

 

Result: Only the row with Kiran (Sales department) will be displayed.

 

16. Demonstrate data types (Enter salary as text vs number and check the difference in calculations).

 

Example Demonstration:

Scenario 1 - Salary as Number:

- Cell A1: 50000 (formatted as number)

- Cell A2: 60000 (formatted as number)

- Cell A3: =SUM(A1:A2)

- Result: 110000 ✓ Correct calculation

 

Scenario 2 - Salary as Text:

- Cell B1: '50000 (entered with apostrophe as text)

- Cell B2: '60000 (entered with apostrophe as text)

- Cell B3: =SUM(B1:B2)

- Result: 0 ✗ Calculation fails

 

Key Difference: Excel can only perform mathematical operations on numeric data types. Text values are ignored in calculations.


17. Create a chart (bar/pie) showing department-wise average salary for the same dataset.

Process Steps:

1. Create a summary table:

Dept

 Avg Salary

   HR

 50000

   Finance

 60000

   Sales

 45000

   IT

 70000

2. Select the summary data.

3. Go to the "Insert" tab.

4. Click on "Bar Chart" or "Pie Chart" from the Charts group.

5. Choose the desired chart style (Clustered Bar or 3D Pie).

6. Add chart title: "Department-wise Average Salary".

7. Format the chart with appropriate colors and labels.

 

18. Convert data types and observe calculation errors for mismatched values (numeric vs text).

 Demonstration:

Step 1: Enter mixed data

- A1: 1000 (number)

- A2: "2000" (text - appears left-aligned)

- A3: 3000 (number)

 

Step 2: Try calculation

- A4: =SUM(A1:A3)

- Result: 4000 (only adds A1 and A3, ignores A2)

 

Step 3: Convert text to number

- Click on A2

- Error indicator appears with "Number Stored as Text"

- Click the error icon and select "Convert to Number"

- Now A4 shows: 6000 ✓ Correct

 

Observation: Mismatched data types cause calculation errors. Always ensure consistent formatting for accurate results.

 

19. Create an Excel sheet with sales data and calculate the total (Qty × Price).

Sample Data:

ProdID

 Product

 Qty

 Price

 Total

101

 Laptop

 5

 50000

 =C2*D2

102

 Mouse

 20

 500

 =C3*D3

103

 Keyboard

 15

 1500

 =C4*D4

104

 Monitor

 10

 15000

 =C5*D5

 

Process Steps:

1. Enter the data in columns A to D.

2. In cell E2, enter the formula: =C2*D2

3. Press Enter.

4. Copy the formula down to E5 by dragging the fill handle.

 

Results:

- Laptop Total: 250000

- Mouse Total: 10000

- Keyboard Total: 22500

- Monitor Total: 150000

 

20. Apply the SUM and AVERAGE functions to calculate the total and mean price.

Using the above sales data: 

Total Price:

- Cell D6: =SUM(D2:D5)

- Result: 67000 (sum of all prices)

 

Average Price:

- Cell D7: =AVERAGE(D2:D5)

- Result: 16750 (mean of all prices)

 

Total of All Sales:

- Cell E6: =SUM(E2:E5)

- Result: 432500 (total revenue)

 

Average Sale:

- Cell E7: =AVERAGE(E2:E5)

- Result: 108125 (average revenue per product)

 

21. Use IF to check if Total ≥ 20,000 "High Sale" else "Low Sale".

 

Using the sales data from Question 19:

 

Formula in cell F2:

=IF(E2>=20000,"High Sale","Low Sale")

Results:

ProdID

 Product

 Total

 Status

101

 Laptop

 250000

 High Sale

102

 Mouse

 10000

 Low Sale

103

 Keyboard

 22500

 High Sale

104

 Monitor

 150000

 High Sale

 

Explanation:

- IF function checks the condition (Total >= 20000)

- If TRUE, displays "High Sale"

- If FALSE, displays "Low Sale"

 

22. Create a VLOOKUP formula to search product details by ProdID.

 

Setup:

Master Product Table (A1:C5):

ProdID

 Product

 Price

101

 Laptop

 50000

102

 Mouse

 500

103

 Keyboard

 1500

104

 Monitor

 15000

 

Search Section:

Cell E2: Enter ProdID to search (e.g., 103)

Cell F2: =VLOOKUP(E2,A2:C5,2,FALSE) → Returns: Keyboard

Cell G2: =VLOOKUP(E2,A2:C5,3,FALSE) → Returns: 1500

 

Formula Breakdown:

- E2: Lookup value (ProdID to search)

- A2:C5: Table array (data range)

- 2 or 3: Column index (2=Product, 3=Price)

- FALSE: Exact match required

 

23. Create a Pivot Table (Employee, Department, Salary).

 

Source Data:

Employee Name

 Department

 Salary (Rs.)

A

 Sales

 3000

B

 Accounts

 4000

C

 Marketing

 5000

D

 Sales

 6000

E

 Accounts

 4000

F

 Marketing

 8000

 

 

Process Steps:

1. Select the entire data range (A1:C7).

2. Go to "Insert" tab → Click "PivotTable".

3. Choose "New Worksheet" and click OK.

4. In PivotTable Fields pane:

   - Drag "Department" to Rows

   - Drag "Employee Name" to Rows (below Department)

   - Drag "Salary" to Values (automatically sums)

 

Pivot Table Result:

Department

 Sum of Salary

Accounts

 8000

Marketing

 13000

Sales

 9000

Grand Total

 30000

 

24. Use COUNT/COUNTA to count employees in each department.

 

Formulas:

 

COUNT function (for numeric cells):

=COUNT(C2:C7) → Result: 6 (counts salary entries)

 

COUNTA function (for non-empty cells):

=COUNTA(A2:A7) → Result: 6 (counts employee names)

 

Department-wise count using COUNTIF:

- Sales: =COUNTIF(B2:B7,"Sales") → Result: 2

- Accounts: =COUNTIF(B2:B7,"Accounts") → Result: 2

- Marketing: =COUNTIF(B2:B7,"Marketing") → Result: 2

 

25. Apply conditional formatting (highlight salary > 5000).

 

Process Steps:

1. Select the salary column range (C2:C7).

2. Go to "Home" tab → "Conditional Formatting".

3. Select "Highlight Cell Rules" → "Greater Than".

4. Enter value: 5000

5. Choose formatting style (e.g., Light Red Fill with Dark Red Text).

6. Click OK.

 

Result: Cells with salaries 6000 and 8000 (for employees D and F) will be highlighted, making it easy to identify high earners.

 

26. Identify OS details (Windows/Linux/macOS version) of your system.

 

Process Steps:

 

For Windows:

1. Press Windows Key + R

2. Type "winver" and press Enter

3. A window will display:

   - OS Name: Windows 10/11

   - Version: 22H2

   - OS Build: 19045.xxxx

   - Edition: Pro/Home/Enterprise

 

Alternative Method:

1. Right-click on "This PC" → Properties

2. View system information

 

Sample Output:

OS Name: Windows 10 Pro

Version: 22H2

System Type: 64-bit Operating System

Processor: Intel Core i5

 

27. Use a utility software to compress a folder into .zip and extract it.

 

Compression Steps:

1. Select the folder you want to compress.

2. Right-click on the folder.

3. Select "Send to" → "Compressed (zipped) folder".

4. A .zip file will be created with the same name.

 

Extraction Steps:

1. Right-click on the .zip file.

2. Select "Extract All".

3. Choose destination folder.

4. Click "Extract".

5. Files will be extracted to the selected location.

 

Benefits:

- Reduces file size (saves storage space)

- Easy to share via email

- Faster upload/download

 

28. Create a Word document: insert a heading, table, image, and apply styles.

 

Process Steps:

1. Insert Heading:

   - Type the heading text

   - Select it → Go to Home tab

   - Choose "Heading 1" from Styles gallery

 

2. Insert Table:

   - Click Insert tab → Table

   - Select 3x3 grid (3 columns, 3 rows)

   - Fill in data

 

3. Insert Image:

   - Click Insert tab → Pictures

   - Choose "This Device"

   - Select image file → Insert

   - Resize and position as needed

 

4. Apply Styles:

   - Select text → Home tab

   - Choose from Styles: Normal, Heading 2, Title, etc.

   - Apply font formatting: Bold, Italic, Color

 

29. Perform a Mail Merge for an interview call letter to 5 candidates.

 Process Steps:

 1. Create Main Document (Call Letter):

   Date: <<Date>>

   To: <<Name>>

   Address: <<Address>>

   

   Dear <<Name>>,

   

   You are invited for an interview for the position of <<Position>>

   on <<Interview_Date>> at <<Time>>.

   

   Regards,

   HR Department

 

2. Create Data Source (Excel file):

   Name

 Address

 Position

Interview Date

 Time

   Ganga Prasad

 Delhi

 Manager

 15-Nov-25

 10 AM

   Priya

 Mumbai

 Analyst

 15-Nov-25

 11 AM

   Amit

 Pune

 Developer

 16-Nov-25

 10 AM

   Sneha

 Bangalore

 HR

 16-Nov-25

 2 PM

   Kiran

 Hyderabad

 Accountant

 17-Nov-25

 10 AM

 

3. Mail Merge Steps:

   - Go to Mailings tab → Start Mail Merge → Letters

   - Select Recipients → Use Existing List → Choose Excel file

   - Insert Merge Fields at appropriate places

   - Preview Results to check

   - Finish & Merge → Print Documents or Edit Individual Documents

 

30. Prepare a resume in MS Word.

Structure:

[Your Name]

[Contact: Phone | Email | LinkedIn]

[Address]

 

CAREER OBJECTIVE

Seeking a challenging position in [field] where I can utilize my skills and contribute to organizational growth.

 

EDUCATION

B.Com Computer Applications | Satavahana University | 2023-2026 | CGPA: 8.5

Intermediate | Board | 2021-2023 | Percentage: 85%

 

SKILLS

- MS Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)

- Data Analysis & Visualization

- Database Management

- Programming: Python, SQL

- Communication & Teamwork

 

PROJECTS

- Sales Data Analysis using Excel (2025)

- Digital Marketing Campaign Report (2024)


CERTIFICATIONS

- Microsoft Office Specialist

- Google Digital Marketing

EXTRA-CURRICULAR

- College Cultural Fest Organizer

- NSS Volunteer

 

[Note: Insert professional photo in top-right corner]

 

>>>>Check Next Tab for Remaining questions

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